Numerical Investigation of Internal Flow Properties around Horizontal Layered Trees by Using the Reynolds Stress Model

The aim of this article is to numerically explore the effects a horizontal double layer trees (HDLT) across whole width channel on flow structures under steady rate and subcritical conditions. numerical domain was established in ANSYS Workbench, post-processing (i.e., meshing + boundary conditions) along with simulation carried out by utilizing computational fluid dynamics tool FLUENT. three-dimensional (3D) Reynolds stress model Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were used analyze properties. first validated then for purposes. Two varying configurations HDLT selected, represented as Arrangement 1 (tall emerged (Tt) short submerged (St)) 2 (short (St) tall (Tt)), different heights. accurately captured simulated results, evidenced vertical distributions velocity profiles stresses at specific locations. strong inflection observed interface St, contributing turbulence giving rise transportation momentum between layers. While these almost constant from beds tops those locations lying taller (Tt), there an approximate 31–65% increase streamwise velocities 1–6 cases 1–2, 54–77% 7–10 3–4, unvegetated zone (Z > 0.035 m) compared vegetated < m). magnitude kinetic energy eddy dissipation significantly larger inside region, i.e., upstream downstream regions. Similarly, production approximately 50% 70% greater tree region above shorter during 1–2 respectively.